Ram Products
Handpieces
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What Are the 3 Types of Dental Handpieces?
The term dental handpiece describes the instruments dentists and assisting professionals use to perform procedures ranging from teeth cleaning and cavity filling to preparation and more invasive treatments. They fall into three basic groups:
- Low-speed handpieces: Low-speed dental handpieces are common for routine procedures. These tools rotate at speeds ranging from 600 to 25,000 RPM and perform fine tasks without causing damage to the tooth.
- High-speed handpieces: These dental handpieces rotate up to 200,000 RPM. Dentists reach for these tools to remove tissue and perform restorative procedures without generating vibrations, heat or pressure. High-speed handpieces offer more efficiency and more precise results for crown preparation and finishing restorations.
- Straight handpieces: These handpieces offer many of the same features and capabilities as low-speed tools but have a straight rather than contra-angled design.
What Is a High-Speed Handpiece?
High-speed dental handpieces rotate up to 200,000 RPM. This greatly reduces the amount of heat, pressure and vibrations generated — all factors that can potentially damage a tooth during a more invasive procedure — and helps improve patient outcomes. While dentists can perform procedures more efficiently, they’re advised to use these tools selectively and carefully. High-speed handpieces are ideal for the following types of procedures:
- Removing dental tissue, including for cavity preparation and root canal treatments
- Removing decay
- Preparing crowns for insertion
- Finishing and polishing other dental restorations once in the patient’s mouth
What Type of Handpiece Is Used for Prophy?
For prophy, both low- and high-speed dental handpieces may be used depending upon their function and action performed.
Dentists attach a prophy brush or cup to a low-speed handpiece to assist with polishing teeth and restorations. Together, these tools will be joined by prophy paste to even out surface irregularities and lessen the appearance of stains.
A high-speed handpiece may be used in conjunction with a prophy jet. A type of air abrasion polishing system, a prophy jet delivers water, air and bicarbonate or another substance toward the teeth to get rid of plaque and staining. In the process, this procedure creates a smoother surface in less time and with less abrasion compared to prophy cups and brushes.